Keywords: fallow lands, agrophysical properties of the soil, melioration, phytomelioration, rapeseed, lupine, oats
 

Мелиорация.– 2023. – №4 (106). – P 48–53

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the influence of phytomelioration and liming on the agrophysical properties of the soil when introducing fallow lands into agricultural use using the example of sod-podzolic soil of the experimental plot of the Meshchersky branch of the «Federal Scientific Center of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation named after A. N. Kostyakov». The article presents long-term observations of the agrophysical indicators of the developed deposit, a technological scheme for the development of fallow lands is described. The dynamics of the density of sod-podzolic soil on phytomeliorant crops under conditions of monoculture, crop rotation and chemical reclamation. Spring rape, angustifolia lupine and common oats were used as master crops. It has been established that phytomeliorants have a different effect on soil density, which is determined by the degree of development of their root system. Spring rape is characterized by the greatest decompaction efficiency, which is advisable to cultivate when developing fallow lands with a heavy granulometric composition. In all experimental variants studied, the soil density gradually increases due to precipitation and the influence of gravity, which is clearly visible in the upper arable layer of 0–20 cm. Both the fallow land and the developed area have an optimal density of the arable layer, which is 1.15–1.17 g/cm3, which corresponds to favorable values for sod-podzolic soil and allows for successful cultivation of both grain and fodder crops on such lands, as well as row crops, including potatoes and root crops.